Search Results - lightning detection systems

Superior Title: Bulletin of Volcanology: Official Journal of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth`s Interior (IAVCEI). 84(8)

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7

Academic Journal

On the Use of Benford’s Law to Assess the Quality of the Data Provided by Lightning Locating Systems

Authors: Ehsan Mansouri, Amirhosein Mostajabi, Wolfgang Schulz, Gerhard Diendorfer, Marcos Rubinstein, Farhad Rachidi

Superior Title: Atmosphere; Volume 13; Issue 4; Pages: 552

Subject Terms: Benford’s law, lightning detection systems, lightning location systems

Subject Geographic: agris

File Description: application/pdf

Relation: Meteorology; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040552

Availability: https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040552

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8

Academic Journal

An analysis of manual and autoanalysis for submicrosecond parameters in the typical first lightning return stroke

Authors: Bahari, Muhammad Akmal, Baharudin, Zikri Abadi, Sutikno, Tole, Rahman, Ahmad Idil Abdul, Hanafiah, Mohd Ariff Mat, Ibrahim, Mazree

Superior Title: Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23(3) 1451-1457

Subject Terms: Autoanalysis, Feature extraction, Lightning detection system, Return stroke, Submicrosecond

Relation: https://zenodo.org/record/7103756; https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i3.pp1451-1457; oai:zenodo.org:7103756

Availability: https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i3.pp1451-1457
https://zenodo.org/record/7103756

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9

Academic Journal

Study on Improvement of Lightning Damage Detection Model for Wind Turbine Blade

Authors: Takuto Matsui, Kazuo Yamamoto, Jun Ogata

Superior Title: Machines; Volume 10; Issue 1; Pages: 9

Subject Terms: anomaly detection, gaussian mixture model, lightning detection system, lightning protection, SCADA, wind turbine

File Description: application/pdf

Relation: Energy and Power Engineering; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10010009

Availability: https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10010009

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10

Academic Journal

Behavior of Lightning in Developing Storms

Authors: Tello, Erick A.

Superior Title: Theses and Dissertations

Subject Terms: Dynamic clustering, Lightning detection systems, LDAR, Mesoscale Range Lightning Information System (MERLIN), Categorical Data Analysis, Meteorology

File Description: application/pdf

Relation: https://scholar.afit.edu/etd/4935; https://scholar.afit.edu/context/etd/article/5938/viewcontent/1._AFIT_ENS_MS_21_M_187___Tello.pdf

Availability: https://scholar.afit.edu/etd/4935
https://scholar.afit.edu/context/etd/article/5938/viewcontent/1._AFIT_ENS_MS_21_M_187___Tello.pdf

11

Academic Journal

Reducing Costs of Preventive Lightning Systems by Locational Optimization

Authors: Matheus Libório, Willian Maia, Carlos Martins, Petr Ekel, Sandro Laudares, Patrícia Bernardes

Superior Title: GOT - Revista de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território, Iss 20 (2020)

Subject Terms: lightning discharge, locational problems, preventive lightning detection systems, spatial optimization, Geography (General), G1-922

File Description: electronic resource

Relation: http://cegot.org/ojs/index.php/GOT/article/view/2020.20.007/pdf; https://doaj.org/toc/2182-1267

Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/6be949d502f7464fac0af8665f90c164

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12

eBook

A Study on the Intra-annual Variation and the Spatial Distribution of Lightning Activity Over Greece

Authors: Gatidis, C.^Aff4, Lolis, C. J.^Aff4, Lagouvardos, K.^Aff5, Kotroni, V.^Aff5, Bartzokas, A.^Aff4

Contributors: Karacostas, Theodore, editor^Aff1, Bais, Alkiviadis, editor^Aff2, Nastos, Panagiotis T., editor^Aff3

Superior Title: Perspectives on Atmospheric Sciences. :621-627

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13

Academic Journal

LINETGIS analysis of lightning flash density in Serbia based on ten years data

Authors: Javor Vesna, Stoimenov Leonid, Džaković Nikola, Dinkić Nikola, Javor Dario, Betz Hans-Dieter

Superior Title: Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol 15, Iss 2, Pp 201-211 (2018)

Subject Terms: Lightning flash density map, GIS technology, Lightning current, Lightning detection system, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971

File Description: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/1451-4869; https://doaj.org/toc/2217-7183

Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/a03f05992f9940d8927c4843753e3adb

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14

Academic Journal

Metodología para la identificación de la estructura eléctrica típica del rayo en el trópico

Authors: Castro Arango, José Francisco

Contributors: Torres Sánchez, Horacio, Aranguren Fino, Harby Daniel, PROGRAMA DE INVESTIGACION SOBRE ADQUISICION Y ANALISIS DE SEÑALES PAAS-UN

Subject Terms: 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::629 - Otras ramas de la ingeniería, Descargas atmosféricas, Sistemas de detección de rayos, Estructura eléctrica, LMA- Lightning Mapping Array, Tormenta eléctrica, Atmospheric discharges, Lightning detection systems, Electrical structure, Thunderstorm

File Description: application/pdf

Relation: H. Torres, El rayo en el trópico. Certezas temporales de investigación sobre el fenómeno del rayo, I. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, pp. 49-57, 2015.; V. Cooray, “Latitude dependence of peak lightning return stroke current- A theoretical explanation,” 34th Int. Conf. Light. Prot. ICLP 2018, pp. 4–6, 2018.; H. Torres, E. Perez, C. Younes, D. Aranguren, J. Montaña, and J. Herrera, “Contribution to Lightning Parameters Study Based on Some American Tropical Regions Observations,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens., vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 4086–4093, 2015.; J. C. Inampués, “Tormentas Eléctricas en Redes Inteligentes, Tesis de Maestría, Universidad Nacional de Colombia,” pp. 81–83, 2014.; D. M. Smith, L. I. Lopez, R. P. Lin, and C. P. Barrington-Leigh, “Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes observed up to 20 MeV,” Science (80-. )., vol. 307, no. 5712, pp. 1085–1088, 2005.; J. A. López Trujillo, “Investigación de las estructuras eléctricas y líderes de rayos en tormentas,” UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA BARCELONATECH, Tesis de Doctorado, pp 1-40, 2019.; F. Gerald et al., “Discovery of Intense Gamma-Ray Flashes of Atmospheric Origin,” Science (80-. )., 1994.; D. M. Smith et al., “The RHESSI spectrometer,” Sol. Phys., pp. 1–3, 2002.; W. Rison, R. J. Thomas, P. R. Krehbiel, T. Hamlin, and J. Harlin, “A GPS-based Three-Dimensional Lightning Mapping System: Initial Observactions in Central New Mexico,” vol. 26, no. 23, pp. 3573–3576, 1999.; W. Rison, P. Krehbiel, R. Thomas, T. Hamlin, and J. Harlin, “3-Dimensional Lightning Observations Using a Time-of-Arrival Lightning Mapping System,” ICOLSE 2001, pp. 1–6, 2001.; V. Cooray, The Lightning Flash, 2nd ed., vol. I. United Kingdom: The Institution of Engineering and Technology, pp 28-30, 195-240, 1999.; C. T. R. Wilson, “The electric field of a thundercloud and some of its effects,” Proc. Phys. Soc. London, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 32d-37d, 1924.; G. . Simpson, “The Mechanism of a Thunderstorm,” Proc. R. Soc. London. Ser. A, vol. 114, pp. 376–401, 1927.; C. R. Maggio, T. C. Marshall, and M. Stolzenburg, “Estimations of charge transferred and energy released by lightning flashes,” J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., vol. 114, no. 14, pp. 1–18, 2009.; I. and S. D. O. Dieter Betz, Hans (Physics Department University of Munich), Schumann, Ulrich(Institut fu Physik der Atmosphare), Laroche , Pierre (Phisics, Lightning: Principles, Instruments and Applications, 1st ed. Germany: Springer, pp 117-122, 2009.; E. R. Williams, “The tripole structure of thunderstorms,” J. Geophys. Res., vol. 13, pp. 151–167, 1989.; M. Stolzenburg, W. D. Rust, and T. C. Marshall, “Electrical structure in thunderstorm convective regions 2. Isolated storms,” J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., vol. 103, no. D12, pp. 14079–14096, 1998.; J. A. López, J. Montanyà, O. A. Van Der Velde, N. Pineda, and A. Salvador, “Charge Structure of Two Tropical Thunderstorms in Colombia,” JGR Atmos., pp. 1–13, 2018.; M. G. Bateman, T. C. Marshall, M. Stolzenburg, and W. David, “Precipitation charge and size measurements inside a New Mexico mountain thunderstorm,” J. Geophys. Res., vol. 104, pp. 9643–9653, 1999.; E. C. IEC, Protection against lightning – Thunderstorm warning systems INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Switzerland, 2016.; M. D. I. Knapp, “Using cloud-to-ground lightning data to identify tornadic thunderstorm signatures and nowcast severe weather,” Natl. Weather Dig., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 35–42, 1994.; A. H. Perez, L. J. Wicker, and R. E. Orville, “Characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning associated with violent tornadoes,” Weather Forecast., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 428–437, 1997.; E. Williams, “The electrification of Severe Storms,” in Severe Convective Storms, 2001, pp. 527–561.; E. W. McCaul, D. E. Buechler, S. Hodanish, and S. J. Goodman, “The Almena, Kansas, tornadic storm of 3 June 1999: A long-lived supercell with very little cloud-to-ground lightning,” Mon. Weather Rev., vol. 130, no. 2, pp. 407–415, 2002.; K. C. Wiens, S. A. Rutledge, and S. A. Tessendorf, “The 29 June 2000 supercell observed during STEPS. Part II: Lightning and charge structure,” J. Atmos. Sci., vol. 62, no. 12, pp. 4151–4177, 2005.; A. Eloi and D. Blanch, “Lightning stroke clustering into cloud-to-ground lightning flashes,” Treb. Fi Grau, pp. 1–5, 2014.; J. Montanyà, “Understanding lightning leaders,” WOMEL 2016, pp. 1–7, 2016.; J. A. López et al., “First data of the Colombia lightning mapping array - COLMA,” 2016 33rd Int. Conf. Light. Prot. ICLP 2016, pp. 1–5, 2016.; O. A. Van Der Velde and J. Montanyà, “Asymmetries in bidirectional leader development of lightning flashes,” J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., vol. 118, no. 24, pp. 13504–13519, 2013.; R. J. Thomas, P. R. Krehbiel, T. Hamlin, J. Harlin, and D. Shown, “Observations of VHF source powers radiated by lightning,” Geophys. Res. Lett., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 143–146, 2001.; N. R. Lund, D. R. Macgorman, T. J. Schuur, M. I. Biggerstaff, and W. D. Rust, “Relationships between lightning location and polarimetric radar signatures in a small mesoscale convective system,” Mon. Weather Rev., vol. 137, no. 12, pp. 4151–4170, 2009.; J. A. Caicedo, M. A. Uman, and J. T. Pilkey, “Lightning Evolution In Two North Central Florida Summer Multicell Storms and Three Winter/Spring Frontal Storms,” J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 1155–1178, 2018.; D. Aranguren, “Desempeño de Sensores de Campo Eléctrostático en Sistemas de Alerta de Tormentas,” Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Tesis de Doctorado, pp 34-41, 70-100, 2011.; X. M. Shao and P. R. Krehbiel, “The Spatial and temporal development of intracloud lightning,” J. Geophys. Res., no. 101, pp. 26641–26668, 1996.; J. A. Lopez, N. Pineda, J. Montanyà, Van der Velde Oscar, and Ferran Fabró, “Spatio-temporal dimension of lightning flashes based on three-dimensional Lightning Mapping Array,” Atmos. Res., pp. 266–264, 2017.; M. Stolzenburg, L. M. Coleman, and T. C. Marshall, “Evolution of charge and lightning type in developing thunderstorms,” in 12th Internaional Conferens on Atmospheric Elec, Versailles, France, 2003.; L. M. Coleman et al., “Effects of charge and electrostatic potential on lightning propagation,” J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., vol. 108, no. D9, p. 109.4298, 2003.; M. Stolzenburg, T. C. Marshall, and P. R. Krehbiel, “Initial electrification to the first lightning flash in New Mexico thunderstorms,” J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., vol. 120, pp. 11253–11276, 2015.; J. D. Hill et al., “Correlated lightning mapping array and radar observations of the initial stages of three sequentially triggered Florida lightning discharges,” J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., vol. 118, no. 15, pp. 8460–8481, 2013.; K. L. Cummins, M. J. Murphy, and J. V Tuel, “Lightning detection methods and meteorological applications,” IV Int. Symppsium Mil. Meteorol., pp. 1–13, 2000.; C. T. . Wilson, “Investigations on Lighning Discharges and on the Electric Field of Thunderstrorms,” R. Soc., vol. CCXXI, pp. 73–115, 1920.; M. Feng, J. Xue, Y. Zhong, and Z. Yu, “Analysis of three-dimensional lightning data in a thunderstorm event,” 2015 Int. Symp. Light. Prot. XIII SIPDA 2015, pp. 297–300, 2015.; D. Aranguren, J. A. López, J. C. Inampués, H. Torres, and I. and S. D. O. Dieter Betz, Hans (Physics Department University of Munich), Schumann, Ulrich(Institut fu Physik der Atmosphare), Laroche , Pierre (Phisics, “Cloud-to-ground lightning activity in Colombia and the influence of topography,” J. Atmos. Solar-Terrestrial Phys., no. 154, pp. 182–189, 2017.; I. Look, U. S. Nldn, K. L. Cummins, S. Member, and M. J. Murphy, “An Overview of Lightning Locating Systems : History , Techniques , and Data Uses , With an,” vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 499–518, 2009.; https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/77614

Availability: https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/77614

15

Academic Journal

Investigations of the development of thunderstorm with hail. Part 2. Analysis of methods for the forecast and diagnosis of the electrical properties of clouds

Authors: Mikhailovskii, Yu. P., Sin’kevich, A. A., Pawar, S. D., Gopalakrishnan, V., Dovgalyuk, Yu. A., Veremei, N. E., Bogdanov, E. V., Kurov, A. B., Adzhiev, A. Kh., Malkarova, A. M., Abshaev, A. M.

Superior Title: Russian Meteorology and Hydrology. June 2017 42(6):377-387

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16

Academic Journal

Sistem Deteksi Petir Multistation Dengan Metode Time of Arrival

Authors: Dasrinal Tessal, Primas Emeraldi, Ariadi Hazmi

Superior Title: Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 13-21 (2015)

Subject Terms: Lightning, Lightning Detection System, Time of Arrival Ligtning Current Peak, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971

File Description: electronic resource

Relation: http://jnte.ft.unand.ac.id/index.php/first/article/view/105/130; https://doaj.org/toc/2302-2949; https://doaj.org/toc/2407-7267

Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/c941f29b68bb444a9512279d6be86ee0

17

Academic Journal

Charge structure analysis of a severe hailstorm with predominantly positive cloud-to-ground lightning

Authors: Pineda Ruegg, Nicolau, Rigo, Tomeu, Montañá Puig, Juan, Van der Velde, Oscar Arnoud

Contributors: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Elèctrica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LRG - Lightning Research Group

Subject Terms: Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Energies::Energia elèctrica::Electricitat, Lightning, Hailstorms, Atmospheric electricity, Thunderstorms, ightning, severe weather, ightning mapping array, hail, LMA, lightning detection systems, Llamps, Electricitat atmosfèrica, Tempestes

File Description: 14 p.; application/pdf

Relation: http://www.sciencedirect.com; info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MICINN/6PN/AYA2011-29936-C05-04; Pineda, N., Rigo, T., Montaña, J., Van Der Velde, O. Charge structure analysis of a severe hailstorm with predominantly positive cloud-to-ground lightning. "Atmospheric research", 10 Març 2016, vol. 178-179, p. 31-44.; http://hdl.handle.net/2117/85168

Availability: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.03.010
http://hdl.handle.net/2117/85168

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18

Dissertation/ Thesis

Impactos de rayos en estructuras elevadas localizadas en zonas de alta actividad de rayos en Colombia ; Lightning strikes on structures located in areas of high lightning activity in Colombia

Authors: Chaves Huertas, Johana Alejandra

Contributors: Torres Sánchez, Horacio, PROGRAMA DE INVESTIGACION SOBRE ADQUISICION Y ANALISIS DE SEÑALES PAAS-UN

Subject Terms: 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::629 - Otras ramas de la ingeniería, Descargas eléctricas, Electric Discharges, Descargas eléctricas atmosféricas, Sistema de detección de rayos, Algoritmo de agrupamiento, Hotspot, Protección contra rayos, Estructuras elevadas, Atmospheric electric discharge, Lightning detection systems, Clustering, Lightning protection system, Very high structures, Condiciones metereológicas, Weather

Subject Geographic: Colombia

File Description: 1 recurso en línea (110 páginas); application/pdf

Relation: [1] Keraunos S.A.S., “Red Colombiana de detección total de rayos LINET,” Ficha técnica, 2016.; [2] UPME, “Plan de Expansión de Referencia. Generación -Transmission 2015-2029,” Ministerio de Minas y Energía, p. 616, 2016.; [3] COMISIÓN DE REGULACIÓN DE ENERGÍA Y GAS (CREG), “Resolucion no.097 (26 sep. 2008 ),” pp. 1–135, 9 2008.; [4] J. I. Chang and C.-C. Lin, “A study of storage tank accidents,” Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 51 – 59, 2006. [Online]. Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950423005000641; [5] Aplicaciones tecnológicas. ¿cuáles son los efectos del impacto de un rayo sobre las estructuras y las líneas de servicio? [Online]. Available: https://at3w.com/blog/cualesson- los-efectos-del-impacto-de-un-rayo-sobre-las-estructuras-y-las-lineas-de-servicio/; [6] Reve. ¿cómo proteger la eólica frente a los rayos durante la temporada alta de tormentas eléctricas? [Online]. Available: https://www.evwind.com/2020/06/30/como-protegerla- eolica-frente-a-los-rayos-durante-la-temporada-alta-de-tormentas-electricas/; [7] COMISIÓN DE REGULACIÓN DE ENERGÍA Y GAS (CREG), “Circular no.036 ( 18 jun 201 ),” p. 1, 6 2008.; [8] D. Salvador, “Estudio de Descargas Eléctricas Atmosféricas sobre Aerogeneradores. Parte II,” Ph.D. dissertation, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya., 6 2013.; [9] J. F. Castro Arango, “Metodología para la identificación de la estructura eléctrica típica del rayo en el trópico,” Ph.D. dissertation, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2019.; [10] H. Torres-Sánchez, El rayo: mitos, leyendas, ciencia y tecnolog{\’\i}a. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ingenier{\’\i}a, 2002. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=o-OuYBUHXawC; [11] J. A. López Trujillo, “Investigación de las estructuras eléctricas y líderes de rayos en tormentas,” Ph.D. dissertation, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya., 2019.; [12] biSmart. What do we do? - etl. [Online]. Available: https://blog.bismart.com/en/whatdo-we-do-etl; [13] O. A. Van Der Velde and J. Montanyà, “Asymmetries in bidirectional leader development of lightning flashes,” Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, vol. 118, no. 24, pp. 504–13, 2013.; [14] R. I. Albrecht, C. A. Morales, C. M. Iwabe, M. F. Saba, and H. Höller, “Using lightning mapping array to evaluate the lightning detection signatures at different technologies,” International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, ICAE 2014, no. June, pp. 15–20,2014.; [15] datosmundial.com. Clima en santander (colombia). [Online]. Available: https://www.datosmundial.com/america/colombia/clima-santander.php; [16] DANE, “Informe de coyuntura económica regional de santander - icer,” pp. 47–48,2001. [Online]. Available: https://www.dane.gov.co/files/icer/2001/santander/t1.pdf; [17] H. Torres, E. Perez, C. Younes, D. Aranguren, J. Montaña, and J. Herrera, “Contribution to Lightning Parameters Study Based on Some American Tropical Regions Observations,” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 4086–4093, 2015.; [18] H. Torres, O. Trujillo, F. Amortegui, F. Herrera, G. Pinzon, C. Quintana, D. Gonzalez, D. Rondon, M. Salgado, and D. Avila, “Experimental station to measure directly lightning parameters in tropical zone,” High Voltage Engineering, 1999. Eleventh International Symposium on (Conf. Publ. No. 467), vol. 2, pp. 177–180, 1999.; [19] R. I. Albrecht, S. J. Goodman, D. E. Buechler, R. J. Blakeslee, and H. J. Christian,“Where are the lightning hotspots on earth?” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol. 97, no. 11, pp. 2051–2068, 2016.; [20] M. Ishii, M. Saito, F. Fujii, M. Matsui, and D. Natsuno, “Frequency of upward lightning from tall structures in winter in Japan,” 2011 7th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning, APL2011, pp. 933–936, 2011.; [21] L. B. L. Santos, R. G. Negri, and T. J. d. C. Editors, Towards Mathematics, Computers and Environment: A Disasters Perspective, 2019.; [22] C. A. Torres Sanabria, O. I. Sánchez, and F. Santamaría, “Comparación de las normas NTC 4552 de 2008 e IEC 62305 de 2010 para el análisis de riesgo,” Revista Tecnura, vol. 18, no. 40, p. 103, 2014.; [23] V. Cooray, I. of Engineering, and Technology, Lightning Protection, ser. Energy Engineering. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2010. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=k44721GxfKYC; [24] V. Mazur and I. of Physics (Great Britain), Principles of Lightning Physics,ser. IOP expanding physics. IOP Publishing, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=Qqh2vgAACAAJ; [25] H. R. Armstrong and E. R. Whitehead, “Field and analytical studies of transmission line shielding,” IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. PAS-87, no. 1, pp. 270–281, 1968.; [26] IEEE Std 1243, “IEEE Guide for improving the lightning performance of transmission lines,” IEEE Std 1243-1997, pp. 1–44, Dec 1997.; [27] G. Carrara and L. Thione, “Switching surge strength of large air gaps: A physical approach,” IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. 95, no. 2, pp. 512– 524, 1976.; [28] N. Petrov and A. Lupeiko, “Determination of the striking distance of lightning to earthed structures,” R. Soc. A, 1995.; [29] ——, “Investigation of spark discharge in long air gaps using pockel’s device,” Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering ISH, pp. 141–144, 1991.; [30] M. Becerra and V. Cooray, “A simplified physical model to determine the lightning upward connecting leader inception,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 897–908, 2006.; [31] A. Nag and V. A. Rakov, “Lightning discharges producing very strong radiation in both VLF-LF and HF-VHF ranges,” Proceedings - Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics, CEEM’2009, pp. 79–84, 2009.; [32] J. A. López, J. Montanyà, O. Van Der Velde, D. Romero, D. Aranguren, H. Torres, J. Taborda, and J. Martinez, “First data of the Colombia lightning mapping array - COLMA,” 2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection, ICLP 2016, 2016.; https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/79621; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia; https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/